Comparison of Metabolic Energy Content of Organic Cereal Grains for Chickens and Turkeys

Although there is an extensive database on the nutrient content of conventionally produced feedstuffs, there is very little published research on the nutrient content of feedstuffs that are organically grown. Industrial and organic crop production differ in both crop and soil management. There are data to suggest that these differences may result in differences in the nutrient content of organic grown feedstuffs. The purpose of this study was to determine the ME content of organically grown amaranth, buckwheat, white corn, yellow corn, and wheat samples obtained from the University of Minnesota's organic research farm. Both chickens and turkeys were used in the assays to compare the ME content for these 2 species. The TME_n content, on an as-fed basis, of amaranth, buckwheat, yellow corn, white corn, and wheat for chickens were found to be 3,146, 3,072, 3,603, 3,324, and 3,592 kcal/kg, respectively. The TME_n content of the same samples, on an as-fed basis, determined with turkeys were found to be 2,748, 2,227, 2,810, 2,757, and 2,959 kcal/kg, respectively. True ME content of the organically grown feed ingredients was found to be greater when chickens were used in the bioassay as compared with turkeys and differed significantly from published values for the same cereals grown using conventional means.     

Fecal D- and L-lactate, succinate and volatile fatty acid levels, and relationships with fecal acidity and diarrhea in neonatal calves

To clarify the significance of fecal organic anions in neonatal diarrhea, a total of 252 fecal samples (91 diarrheic, 161 normal) were collected from 136 dairy calves (including three crossbreds) less than 4 weeks old. Fecal pH, D‐ and L‐lactate, succinate and volatile fatty acid (VFA) were analyzed. In normal feces, lactate was highest and VFA was lowest at week 1 of age, and lactate progressively decreased and VFA progressively increased with advancing age. In diarrheic samples, although higher pH and lower lactate levels were confirmed at week 1, samples at weeks 3–4 showed lower pH and VFA accompanied by higher lactate of D and L‐isomers. In diarrhea, fecal butyrate was significantly lower at all stages, but succinate levels did not differ significantly. The proportion of lactate to organic anions (sum of lactate, succinate and VFA) in diarrheic feces was lower at week 1, and higher in weeks 2–4, while that of VFA to organic anions showed the opposite pattern. Strong relationships were observed between fecal pH and lactate, and VFA proportions in organic anions, though the relationship was weak in diarrhea. Most of the elevated lactate was observed in fecal samples with lower VFA. However, succinate had no relationship with VFA or lactate levels.     

混配基质在一品红无土栽培中的应用

 为减少花卉无土栽培对泥炭资源的依赖和降低生产成本,研究了以锯末、玉米秆和小麦秆为主要成分的混配基质在一品红无土栽培中的应用效果。结果表明,2份玉米秆粉：1份锯末：1份珍珠岩和1份小麦秆粉：2份锯末：1份珍珠岩两种混配基质的各项理化指标均在无土栽培基质的理想范围内,用其栽培的一品红根系生长健壮,生长发育综合表现优于对照,可替代泥炭作为一品红的无土栽培基质。     

畜禽有机复合肥对瓜类作物产量与品质的影响

研究了畜禽有机复合肥对瓜类作物产量与品质的影响。试验结果表明,基施嘉宝牌畜禽有机复合肥3.0～7.5t/hm2,瓜类作物收获后土壤速效K含量比CK增加155.59%～193.48%,同时显著提高了黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数、功能叶面积和坐果率;黄瓜、西瓜和甜瓜产量随着有机复合肥施用量增加而增产,增幅为9.19%～27.16%,且黄瓜增产最为显著,黄瓜、西瓜和甜瓜的单位面积最佳经济施用量分别为7.5t/hm2、3.0t/hm2和4.5t/hm2;有机复合肥能提高黄瓜VC含量和西甜瓜中心糖度,显著改善其商品性和产品品质。     

新疆冬季密闭羊舍的空气质量分析

对一栋密闭式羊舍内的空气质量进行了观测及分析,结果表明:在舍内0.6m、1.6m和3.0m的不同高度层中,氨气的平均浓度分别35.0mg/m3、36.7mg/m3和44.2 mg/m3,其中3.0m显著高于0.6m、1.6m(P<0.05),0.6m、1.6m之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硫化氢的平均浓度分别为0.0039mg/m30、.0027 mg/m3和0.0030mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05);二氧化碳的平均浓度分别为2571mg/m3、2593mg/m3和2581mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。舍内NH3、H2S、CO2气体呈现一定的昼夜变化,三种气体白天的平均浓度均低于夜间。而舍内各环境因素之间存在一定的相关关系,其中温度高低对舍内NH3与CO2气体的含量有明显的影响,舍内空气湿度的变化对TSP、PM10的含量和粪便含水量对舍内NH3的含量亦有明显的影响,它们之间均存在显著的相关性。     

南大港滩涂湿地土壤有机碳分布特征研究

滨海滩涂湿地是提高“蓝碳”碳汇、补偿碳排放的重要空间资源。为研究滨海滩涂土壤有机碳分布特征,在河北南大港滩涂湿地内设置采样地,对不同湿地类型、不同植被覆盖下土壤有机碳含量进行测定。结果表明,南大港滩涂湿地土壤有机碳含量平均值为8.03±3.39 g/kg,略低于全国平均水平。土壤有机碳空间分布有一定差异,内陆滩涂湿地土壤有机碳含量高于沿海滩涂湿地。土壤有机碳含量随土层深度增加呈下降趋势,不同深度下土壤有机碳含量差异显著。不同植物群落下土壤有机碳含量不同,表现为芦苇群落＞莎草群落＞碱蓬群落＞金鱼藻群落＞光滩地。南大港滩涂湿地土壤有机碳密度分布与土壤碳含量分布相似,土壤结构、地表植被类型对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度分布产生影响。     

Organic trace minerals on productive performance,egg quality and immune response in Bovans White laying hens

This study was performed in 360 laying Bovans White hens and aimed to evaluate the effect of Carbo‐Amino‐Phosphate‐Chelates (CAFQ) as a mineral premix and its 30% reduction by compared to inorganic trace minerals (ITM) concerning its performance, egg quality, tibia breaking strength and immunity. Sixty‐week‐old hens were assigned into three treatments with 10 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments were as follows: (a) (100% ITM), (b) (100% CAFQ) and (c) (70% CAFQ). Based on the results obtained during 12 weeks, under the current test conditions, improved yolk colour (p < 0.05); shell breaking strength (p < 0.05); and storage time (p < 0.05) were observed in hens fed with a diet reduced by 70% in CAFQ inclusion showed similar performance behaviour and better egg breaking strength regarding with ITM, suggesting the possibility of minimizing the inclusion of trace minerals in laying hen diets improving environmental impact, in contrast to the use of inorganic sources of minerals.     

Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.     

有机锌对哺乳动物先天性免疫的调控机制研究进展

锌作为动物机体一种不可缺少的微量元素,在加强机体免疫方面起着重要作用。基于微量元素锌对动物机体免疫功能的调节作用机理研究的日益深入,文中通过阐述有机锌作用、功效以及在哺乳动物生产中的应用,探究有机锌单独添加对哺乳动物先天性免疫的影响,旨在探究锌对动物机体先天性免疫的调控机制。